Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity

نویسندگان

  • João Fernando P. OLIVEIRA
  • José Paulo CIPULLO
  • Emmanuel A. BURDMANN
چکیده

Aminoglycoside are frequently used due to its high efficacy against gram-negative bacteria and positive synergism with other antibiotics against gram-positive organisms. They are commonly used for prevention and treatment of infection complications after cardiothoracic surgery. The principal side effect of this class of antibiotics is nephrotoxicity, which may occur in up to 20% of the exposed patients. Although usually reversible, aminoglycosideinduced renal injury prolongs hospitalization time and increase patients cost. Even more important, the occurrence of nephrotoxicity is associated with higher patient mortality. There are some known risk factors for nephrotoxicity development and some measures that may prevent it. This review will cover the most relevant aspects of this important side effect of aminoglycoside therapy. Descriptors: Aminoglycosides. Acute renal Insufficiency. Kidney, drug effects. Resumo Aminoglicosídeos são antibióticos de amplo uso clínico, em função de sua eficácia contra bacilos gram-negativos e de seu sinergismo positivo com outros antibióticos no tratamento de infecções por agentes gram-positivos. São muito utilizados na prevenção e no tratamento de infecções pós-operatórias em cirurgia cardíaca. O principal efeito colateral desta classe de antibióticos é a nefrotoxicidade, que pode ocorrer em até 20% dos pacientes. Embora usualmente reversível, a lesão renal causa maior tempo de internação e, conseqüentemente, maiores custos. Ainda mais importante é o fato de nefrotoxicidade estar associada a maior mortalidade nestes pacientes. Existem alguns fatores de risco conhecidos para nefrotoxicidade, bem como algumas medidas de prevenção. Esta revisão irá descrever os aspectos mais relevantes deste importante efeito colateral do tratamento com aminoglicosídeos. Descritores: Aminoglicosídeos. Insuficiência renal aguda. Rim, efeitos de drogas.

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تاریخ انتشار 2007